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J. CHOPPTNET, G. GILLONA AND V'QDEFAYS. APPARATUS FOR INDICATING THE DEJIATIONS 0F A BOREHOLE FROM THE VERTICAL.

APPLICATION FILED )ULY 2,1920.

Patented Jan.24,1'922.

@draus-SHEET l.

K 1. cHoPPlNET, G. GILLON lAND v. DEFATS. APPARATUS FOR TNDICATTNG THE nevlATluNs oF A BoREHoLE FRoM TRE VERTICAL. r I APPLICATION FILED JULY 2,1920. 1,404,580, Patented Jan. 24, 1922.v

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2 12915, lyk/.4.

J. CHOPPINET, G. GILLON AND V. DEFAYS. l APPARATUS FOR INDICATING THE nEv|AT|oNs oF A BoREHoLE FROM THE VERTICAL.

PPLlCATION FILED IULY 2.1920.

1,4104, 580. Patented Jan. 24, 1922.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

UNITED STATES PATENT oFFicE.

JosErn cnorPINET, vcmsrav GILLoN, AND vieron DEFAYS, or BRUSSELS,

BELGIUM.

APPARATUS Fon INDICATTNG THE DEvIA'rIoNs or A BoaEnoLE FROM THE VERTICAL Applicationiled July 2,

lutely vertical. Especially when such holesv are bored forthe purpose of freezing the ground around the shaft to be sunk. it is important that their deviation from the vertical shall not'be too great in order that at a certain depth there shall not be a too greatdistance between .them where it would be possible for a zone of ground to be left which would not be reached by the freezing action. It isv therefore very advisable that. it should be possible to ascertain the deviation of the borehole from the vertical. and

thehorizontal direction of suchdeviation.- The presentinvention has for its object toI determine ,these two factors at all depths.

It is based on the fact that a radius drawn on a spherical basin having a uniform ro' tational motion under a spherical surface concentric to the said basin andsuspended from a rocking beam whose centre of oscillation is situated at the common centre of the two spheres. will pass through points that are equidistant from one another and alsoequidistantfrom the axis of the rockingbeam at intervals of time which are equal so long as the cen-tre of'the rotating basin remains in the axis of the rocking beam but which change appreciably when the rocking beam shifts relatively to the rotating basin. j The intervals of time Ithat separatel the intersection of the moving radius with eachA of the above mentioned points. determine the position of the axis of the rocking beam relativelyJ to the centre of the rotating basin. By noting these'intervals of .time it is possible to determine the distance between the centre of the basin and the axis of the rocking beam and the horizontal direction of said distance. that is to say. the horizontal direction of the deviation ofthe borehole` so that the length of the rocking beam beingv Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented J an. 24, 1922.

1920. serial No. 393.728.

vall the changes in the direction of the borehole when the' tube -is inserted therein. The basin is made of insulating material with an inserted radius of metal .or other conductor of electricity, o1' vice versa, and its surface has the curvature of a sphere whose centre 1s situated at the centre of oscillation of a rocklng beam suspended from the tube by means` of a cardan device. This rocking beam carries at its lower part a number of brushes for instance three. whose ends are arranged at the points' of a regular polygon situated in a plane at right angles'to the axis of the rocking beam and having its cen-A tre on the said axis.

. The point of suspension of the rocking beam andthe centre of the rotating basin. are situated in the axis of the tube. cording to the above stated principle, so long as there'is no deviation of the borehole, and therefore thecentre of the rotating basin is situated in the axis of the rocking beam. the radius will come into contact with the rub bing brushes at known equal intervals of time, but should any deviation occur relatively ,to 'the rocking beam, that is to say. relatively to the vertical. hese intervalsy oftime lwill assume 'totally different values which characterize the altered position of the rocking beam;

For 'measuring these intervals above ground, the brushes are connected each to an electromagnet situated above ground. and the larmatures of the said magnets each act-uate a recording stylus and thereby cause the latter to draw a line on a table which rotates synchronously with the spherical basin.v

To enable the brushes to be, brought into Vregister there is placed along the radius of the. position which is occupied b v one of these brushes when the deviation is nil. a

supplementary brush fixed to the wall of the the lines drawn by the brushes when the deviation from the vertical is nil.

In order to enable the invention to be well understood it will now be described herein,- after with reference to the accompanying drawings in which s Figs. 1 and 2 are views of a borehole in vertical and horizontal projection showing on an exaggerated scale the deviations that occur in practice.

Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic view of the apparatus in vertical elevation.

Fig. 4 represents the apparatus iii an inclined position when there is a deviation of the rotating disc relatively to the rocking beam.

Figs. 5. 6 and T are diagrammatic plan views indicating the relative positions of the brushes and the conducting radius respectively when the deviation from the vertical is nil. or directed towards the right, or

directed towards the left.

Fig. 8 is a diagram of the electrical conneet-ions of the apparatus.

Fig. 9 is a vertical section of the measurinfr apparatus placed in the borehole tube.

lFig. 410 is a section of the registering apparatus situated at the surface.

v Figs. 11, 12. 13 and 14 relate -to the indications given for various deviations by the measuring' device on the recording device above ground. Fig. 15 is a diagram re, siilting from the use of the apparatus. When going down to great depths or when3 the nature of the round so requires. the borehole is provide with tubing for supporting the walls thereof.

The apparatus designed for measuring the deviations is inserted in the said tubing. and then a series of readings are taken at intervals of length of 10 metres for instance. for they purpose of ascertaining the mean amount of deviation of the tube and its horizontal ldirection for each such interval of length. The vectorial combination of all 55 the deviations thus measured gives as its resultant the deviation X of the tube and' fits horizontal direction a: (Figs. 1 and 2) relatively to a given direction for the depth` in uestioii. In other words. tlie series of. .i rea ings made at 10 metre intervals allows of plotting a plan of the situation of the axis of the borehole relatively to`two vertical planes at right angle to each other and of known direction.

The installation comprises two distinctv apparatus: the first is the measuring apparal tus proper which is lowered into the borehole Ldown to the point which it is desired to of steel tubes connected together by sleeveswhich must be so constructed as to prevent any twisting of the tubes around their own axes, whilst however giving to the connected tubes as. a Awhole sufficient flexibility for following the deviations of the borehole tubing. Since the latter is usually filled with water. the tube of the measuring apparatus is hermetically closed.

TheV measuring apparatus comprises a rocking beam 1 (Fig. 3) suspended by a cardan 2 or other analogous device from the protecting tube 3 in such a manner as to be able to assume -freely a vertical position coincidin with the axis of the tube when the latter is vertical. this rocking beam is secured a. plate 4 on which are mounted three brushes 5 (hereinafter identified a, b, and c, respectively) whose ends are arranged in the apices of an eqiiilateral triangle situated in a plane at right angles to the axis of the rockino-'beam and havin its centre on the said axis. To the tube 3 1s secured a fixed brush or contact 5. Below the brushes there is arranged a spherical basin 6 whose shaft 7 situated -in the axis of the tube 3, receives uniform motion from a clockwork or an Aelectric motor 8 through the medium of reducing gear 9.

This motor is likewise fixed to the tube 3 which consequently carries also'the basin 6. This basin therefore moves under the rocking beam when the tubel 3 is inclined, but, owingpto its sperical shape, it remains always in contact with the brushes. The basin is made of electrically insulating material, and carries a radius 10 formed of condiictin metal. The reverse arran ement may a so be adopted namely, a con ucting basin with an insulating'radius. When the tube is vertical the three brushes 5, 5", 5c project horizontally on to a' circumference which is concentric to the axis of the rocking beam (Fig. 5), and the intervals of time separating the meeting of the radius 10 with each of the brushes, counting from the radius 05, correspond respectively tothe angles 0. 120 and 240 (Fig. 11). The position` of the radius01on the measur ing apparatus can be determined from the of the measuring apparatus.

` If't-he tube deviates-.from the vertical, and

To the lower part of v lll indication given by the fixed contact 5d Y intervalsof time that separate the passing of the radius l0 over the register mark 1 and under each of the brushes, are proportional to the. angles 51, 82 and 83 (Fig. 12).

l The valuesy of these angles characterize the deviation cc as regards its amount and direction. v

It is to be noted thatitis suiiicientto know the angles 81v and in order to determine the .0 position of C', because since the star-shaped tigure'of which the brushes constitute the three apices, remains parallel to itself so long asV the tube is not `twisted on its own axis, the value ofg3 is fixed by the values of 61 and 82.

There may be added to the register mark 5d (indicated at 1 in Figs. l2 to 14) two other register marks 2and 3 (Fig. 13) situated reispectively 120 and 240. from the register mark 1, and the position ofthe three radii may be characterized by the angles a, and-y which `they enclose respectively with the radii 01 02 and 03. These angles are to be considered vas positive in the direction of the rotation of thev hands of a watch, and negative in the opposite direction.

The angles a, and Y have as their several :measures the lengths that separate the register marks from the lines marked by the $0 electromagnets in correspondence with the brushes, at the periphery of the disc of the recording apparatus. These lengths characterize therefore the deviation as well as its horizontal direction. For instance l5 considering in Fig. 14 a displacement of the centre C along the radius C2. then will be always nil, and a is positive and increasin v y gli the horizontal directions are reckoned from the point"0 of the said figure, the

`'.iorizontal direction isfin this case 60' reckoned in a counterclockwise direction, and the amplitude of c c expressed in degrees is:

for Cl 1 10 C2 2 21 1 C'a 3 32 Now to each of these corresponds a strictly determined value of which is measured by the lengths 1on1, 10:2, 11 expressed for instancev in millimetres. If the values a: and corresponding to these three positions of C1. .are plotted along two rectangular axes, this will give three points ot' the curve ofthe positions of C1 for a horizontal direction of.60 andan increasing amplitude.

. Similarly the curves of the positions of C characterized by, z and' may be plotted for other horizontal directions and -increasing amplitude at intervals of for instance 5. This is shown in Fig. 15 which gives the curves of equal horizontal direction and varying amplitude.

positions of C there.

Then by` joining inthese various curves the points corresponding to one and the same amplitude- C C of the deviation, there will give inl this figure qthe curves of equal amplitude and variable horizontal direction, and those will constitute a diagram which will allow ol finding forcany two values of o: and the amplitude and the horizontal direction of the corresponding deviation.

It is to be noted that for the sake of greater clearness it is advisable to draw three diagrams corresponding respectively, the first one to a positive and negative the second to positive and T negative and the third to y positive and a negative these diagrams being used each only for the angles of 120 of horizontal direction that giv'e the clearest readings. "V

It is further to be noted that these diagrams may be plotted by actual experiment /by imparting to the tube of the apparatus strictly determined inclinations and horizont-al directions and reading of the lengths that measure the lengths of the corresponding angles 01,@ and y. By this means all error` proper to the apparatus is eliminated, because themeans of reading the positions of the tube and the angles inscribed on the measuring apparatus are alone used to asd sure the accuracy of the measurements. This accuracy will therefore be very great.

Fig. 15 is a diagram plotted in this manner by calibration of the apparatus. If the deviations of the tubing are small relatively to the distance between the brushes, then the angles a, and Y will never exceed -i- 60, and the indications three angles can be inscribed by one and the same' electromagnet, the indication inscribed by 5 being always nearest to the register mark 1, whereas the indication inscribed by 5b is nearest the register mark 2.

The recording apparatus which serves for measuring the angles a, Y. comprises a circular plate 11 actuated synchronously with the basin 6 of the measurinr apparatus. On this plate 11 there is placed a sheet of paper upon which bears a stylus 12 carried by the armature of an electro-magnet 13. This latter is situated in the circuit of the brushes 5a, 5" and 5c fed from a storage battery 14 or other supply of direct current of for instalce 16 volts. The shaft 7 of the basin for shaft is actuated preferably by a synchronous motor (Fig. 8) of which 15 is the triphase stator and 16 .the rotor excited by direct current. 17 is the electromagnet of a brake that serves to stop the rocking beam when desired. The electromagnet 18 i connected to the contact 5d and gives the register mark from which the angle a: is reckoned.

It will bev readily understood that each time contact is made between a brush and the A radius 10, the circuit 13, 14 will be closed,

relating to :these s part of the same circuit. This and the stylus 12 will draw a radial line on the paper of the recording apparatus, and a line is likewise drawn at each revolution by the electromagnet 18. These four lines (give y.

.a single thin line.` This coincidence does not take place when there is no synchronism, or when the rockin beam is still rocking at the time of. taklng the reading.

shoulder 27 o 35' The points 1, 2,3 `8 o f'Fg. 8 designate the leading-in terminals of current for the synchronous motor and the brushes or .other` circuits of the measuring apparatus. The conductors of the cable that `connects.

the measuring apparatus to'the recording ap aratus above ground, end at these points. l

ig. 9 is a constructional example of the measuring apparatus which` differs but very slightly from the elementary apparatus above described. The rocking beam 20 is suspended `at an intermedi te point from a Cardan device 21, the pins 22 of the inner ring 23 of which are mounted in ball bearings 24 that likewise carry the pins 25 of the outer rin 26. The latter rests on the a sleeve 28l fixed to a mount 29 which fits with light friction in the protecting tube 30.- The rocking beam carries at its lower part a counterweight 31 and at its :I 5 shown in Figs. 3 and 8.

upepr parta plate 32 on which are mounted Athe brushes 33. `To the tube is secured a fixed brush 33 correspondin to the. contact I carried by a shaft 35 mountedby means of ball bearings 36 in a supporting member 37 fixed by means of bolts 38 to the casing 39 ofthe motor. The latter is fixed tothe vmount 29. `AThe motor shaft 40 drives.

throu h gearing 41 atoothed wheel 42 fixed to the asin 34. This-inverted sition of the basin above the rockin beam 1s designed to prevent the deposit `o matter in the basin formed by its concave surface which might prevent contact between the brushes andthe conducting radius. At the base 'of the mount 29 there is fixed a ring 43 which rests on the bottom 44 of the protecting tube 30 and.

' carriesan electromagnet 45 whose armature 46v is pressed by a spring 47 against the ceunterweight in order tostop the rocking.

beam when the apparatus is not working. T e mount 29 terminates in a handle 48 by means of which the apparatus can be introduced in one piece into the protecting tube 30 until the ring 43 rests upon the ring 49 of the bottom 44.

he basin 34 is cular plate 50 the shaft 51 of which is o mounted in a footstep bearing52 fixed to the frame 53. The shaft 51 is provided with a wormwheel 54 driven by a worm 55 fixed on the shaft of an 'electric synchronous motor 56'carried by the :frame 53. The latter comprises a table 57 inwhich is formed a radial guide slot 58 designed to receive a sliding carriage`59 carried by a seriesof rollers or balls 60. This carriage carries an elect-romagnet 61 whose armature is fixed to a rocking lever 62 provided at its other end with a stylus-carrying arm 63. The lever 62 is pressed by a spring 64 against a stop 65, but the excitation of the electromagnet 61 causes this lever to rockin such a manner as to cause a radial .line to be drawn 'on the plate 50 'by the stylus 66. The electromagnet 61 is situated in the circuit of the brushes that rub on the basin.

It may be advisable to separate the circles described by the stylus 66 when readings are taken at different depths. For-this purpose the carriage 59 is provided with a rack 67 =meshing with a pinion 68 on the shaft of which there is mounted a wheel with Ainclined teeth' which is caused to turn one ltooth at a time by a special device actuated by a tappet for instance. This arrangement may consist of a bevelled pawl 69 working on the inclined surfaces of the teeth `when it is caused to oscillate around the shaft 70 by means of the tappet lever 71. The tappet .lever 71 is operated by hand whenever it is desired to alter the position-of the stylus ,radially of the rotating table.v

Adisk mounted to follow the deviations of the borehole, contact members arranged in predetermined order on the beam, a cooperating `contact member arranged onv the disk, and

a recording device having circuits to be controlled by such contact members.

2. An apparatus as in claim 1, 'wherein the beam is suspended by a cardan .device and a tube enclose's the apparatus.

3. An apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the contact devices on the beam are brushes arranged equidistant on a circle whose center is in line with the axis of the beam.

4. An apparatus as in claim 2, wherein the cardan device supports the beam' at an intermediate point, and said beam is provided with a counterweight beyond such tact member on said rotatin point.

5. An apparatus as in 'claim 1, wherein means are provided for holding the beam against movement, and an electrical-operated release for such means.

6. An apparatus as inv claim 1, wherein a tube is arranged to receive the operative parts, and a mount provided to support such parts and frictionally engage withln said tube.

7. An apparatus as in claim 1, whereiny the recording device includes a table adapted to be -rota-ted in sync-hronism with the rotating disk.

8. An apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the recordinef device includes a table to rotate in synclironism with the rotating disk and carry a sheet of paper, and a markingl tubular casing ada ted to follow the deviations of the boreho e, a rotating member in the shapeof an inverted spherical basin in Asaid casing, a beam subjected to gravital inlluence suspended within said casing-at a point coinciding with the center of curvature of 4said spherical basin, a counterweight on said beamlvbelow the point'of suspension thereof, contact members arranged 1n predetermined order on the beam above its points -of suspension, and a co-operating contact member on said spherical'basin.

11. In ap aratus for determinino the deviations o boreholes, the combination of a casing adapted to follow the deviations of the borehole, a rotating member in said casing, a beam subjected to avital influence suspended withnsaid casing, contact memetermining thedeviatlons of boreholes. the comblnatlon of a bers arranged in predetermined order on the beam, a further contact member in fixed relation -to said casing, and a co-operating contact member on said rotating member.

12. An apparatus for determining the deviations'of boreholes. comprising a beam subjected to gravital influence, a rotating member, a casing adapted to follow the deviations of the borehole, saideasing enclosing said beam and rotating member, contact members arranged in predetermined order on the beam, a further contact member in fixed relation to said casing. a co-operating contact member on said rotating member, and a recording device having circuits controlled b v the co-operation of the last mentioned contact member with .the contact members on the beam and with the Contact member on the casing respectively.

13. An `apparatus for determining the deviations of boreholes. comprising a casing adapted to follow the deviations of the borehole, a beam 'subjected to gravital influence suspended within said casing, an electric motor in said casing. a rotatingr member actuated by said motor. contact members 4arranged in lpredetermined order on the beam, a co-operating contact member on said ro- ,tating member. and a recording device having circuits to be controlled by said contact members, a marklng stylus operated by said circuits and a table ada ted lto be rotated in synchronism with sai rotating member. 14. An apparatus as in claim 13 having means for moving the marking stylus step by ste radially of the rotating table.

. 15. deviations of boreholes. the combination with the elements recited in claim 9 of means for holding the beam in fixed relation to the casing. and an electromagnet adapted to render said holding means inoperative.

In testimonyv whereof we have signed our Vnames to this specification in the presence of two subscrlbing witnesses.

l JQSEP-H CHOPPINET.

GUSTAVE GILLON. VICTOR DEFAYS.

Witnesses M. V. Kmxrarxuox, Gro. B. ALENES.

n apparatus for determining the I 

